I remember seeing some other microphone issues, specifically with a Fairphone 5. Here is this one on the Merlin bird recording app not working with the microphone, for example.
But let me look around a bit, I think there were some others related to your case specifically, namely with calls in various chat platform apps (non-“normal”-telephony calls).
There is this one regarding the Moto G (2024) that I make the unofficial builds for. I will see if I can test / reproduce this issue there. In that case, it seemed a wired headset was the only thing that worked?