All incoming calls are reported as unknown, even though all permissions have been granted to the calling app.
In the call list, they are marked as blocked numbers.
If I call back from my contacts, the contact is displayed.
Can you list your device and iodé version?
Check if Dialer app > Settings > Blocked Numbers > Unknown is activated (that shouldn’t be a problem if so, but with the unknown bug at least it would allow the calls to appear until the address book connection is working again). Also check “Spam Blocking” there, maybe again temporarily disable.
Next, does the Contacts app also have all permissions enabled (assuming you have the Dialer app permissions all enabled as you mention)?
Not knowing what else to suggest, you can reset the Dialer app by Long Press Icon > App Info > Storage & cache > Clear storage.